The national identity card issued by the National Identification Authority (NIA). It is the closest thing Ghana has to a master key.
Since 2021 the card PIN is also your TIN, so the tax authority, your bank, your telco and the immigration service all identify you by the same number.
You need one to open a bank account, register a SIM card, register a business, file taxes, access NHIS and apply for a passport.
Foreign residents get a separate non-citizen Ghana Card, which requires a valid residence permit.